中国洪涝灾害之后的生态环境问题警钟急鸣

中国是一个发展中国家,正在加速实现工业化、城市化及农业现代化。由于人们的生产活动和经济活动而对生态环境的破坏“助纣为虐”．才使1998年的洪水造成的损失比以往更大,并进一步暴露出以城市为中心的环境污染和以农村为纽带的环境退化正破坏和延缓我国国民经济的发展。分析了洪灾之后中国经济发展中环境面临的主要问题和退化症结,根据2010年远景目标的要求．提出了“提高环保认识．开展生态建设,控制环境污染”的综合整治对策,为中国制定生态环境规划提供基本思路。     

Use of Geographic Information System and Direct Survey Methods to Detect Spatial Distribution of Wild Olive (Olea cuspidata Wall.) from High Mountain Forests of Northwestern Nepal

Vast areas of dry subtropical evergreen forests of Olea cuspidata in the northwestern mountains of Nepal have been abandoned in recent decades. The status of this species was found to be very poor in almost all the areas of our study sites, located in Bajura district. However, the lack of past information on this species did not allow us to determine the exact number of hectares that have declined. Overgrazing, illegal cuttings, and lack of environmental awareness were found to be the major causes of Olea spp. forest degradation. Direct survey and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods were used to create a current distribution map of wild olive. Potential sites based on the sparse population and dense patches of wild olive were still found in Bajura. A large amount of wild olive fruit was found unused in these area. If properly managed, subsistence farming of this fruit can be an income supplement for the poorest and vulnerable local communities. The scope of our study was to map the vulnerable status of one of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)-listed wild olive species from the remote far-western district of Bajura. The necessity of an immediate national policy is discussed to develop and consolidate control techniques and ecological restoration strategies based on conservation and sustainable approaches in order to prevent future decline of native plant diversity.     

Standardisation of Field Data on Mammals

Only one large yellowfish species occurs in the Hardap Dam, apparently closely related to Barbus kimberleyensis. Though smaller than this species in the Vaal River, it is nevertheless a valuable and abundant angling fish. After maturity, reached in females at 26 cm and in males at 18 cm fork length, females outnumber males by 9 :1 beyond 30 cm. Main spawnings occur between February and April, some four months later than in the Vaal River, being correlated with peak seasonal rains in both cases. A minor spawning later in the year is usual, with improved fry survival due to warmer weather conditions reducing the winter mortality of the earlier spawned young. Breeding sites are probably in lentic gravelly-bottomed areas within the dam. Egg production increases from 5-6 000 in 30 cm fish to ca 47 000 in 60 cm females, with strong relationship between cube of fish length and fecundity.     

颜色的象征意义在中西文化中的运用

颜色词在生活中随处可见，我们不仅应了解其基本词义而且应注意它们的象征意义。鉴于颜色词在中西文化中的不同用法，本文就其历史源源给予分析探讨并以例说明。     

太白山自然保护区的生物多样性及其威胁因素研究

地处秦岭山脉中段的太白山自然保护区，总面积56325hm^2。1996～1997年进行了一次多目标调查。1998-2001年进行了保护野生动物、宗教活动、旅游等对环境影响的监测和研究。太白山自然保护区具有生态系统多样性、物种多种性、遗传多样性等的特点。分析了自然保护区目前受到的威胁，提出了今后保护管理的意见。     

基于Mathematica的符号计算方法

介绍了M athem atica软件符号计算功能,并根据初值问题数值计算方法,运用了M athem atica进行符号运算,建立了一种解初值问题的符号计算方法,算例表明该方法计算简单,易程序化,计算结果比传统的数值方法优越.     

茂兰喀斯特森林湿地资源现状与保护建议

经调查,茂兰喀斯特森林湿地植物有369种,分属118科279属;脊椎动物124种,隶属5纲19目48科。通过对茂兰喀斯特森林湿地资源现状、潜在的威胁进行分析,提出了湿地保护建议,以期为森林湿地资源的保护提供参考。     

民族认同在仪式中的凸显与强化——以云南拉祜族“花节”仪式为例

＂花节＂是拉祜族地区的一种农业祭祀仪式,是当地农业活动的重要组成部分。文章对该仪式进行详细描述,分析其中具有象征意义的符号和行为,进而论述＂花节＂在拉祜族集体记忆的形成、文化传承、功能教育等方面的意义,探讨＂花节＂仪式对民族认同的作用。     

群际威胁对集体自尊的影响——群体骄傲感的中介作用

集体自尊是群体活动的重要动机之一,采用实验法探索了群际威胁中的现实威胁与象征威胁对集体自尊影响的作用机制.实验1和实验2分别诱发现实威胁和象征威胁,考察在2种威胁情境下集体自尊的变化.2个实验共同发现,群际威胁对集体自尊具有消极作用:现实威胁组显著降低了公众集体自尊,对私人集体自尊没有显著影响;象征威胁显著降低私人集体自尊,对公众集体自尊没有显著影响.群体骄傲感在群际威胁对集体自尊的影响中起到完全中介作用,实验表明现实威胁与象征威胁会通过降低个体对所属群体的骄傲感来降低集体自尊.